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<h1 class="title">金属çƒå¤„ç†å·¥è‰ºä¸çš„“四把ç«â€ï¼ŒåŸºç¡€ï¼</h1>
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<li>日期：2021-07-14</li>
<li>人气：<span id="hits">1443</span></li>
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<p>在金属冶炼过程ä¸ï¼ŒåŒæ ·çš„原ææ–™é…比，采用ä¸åŒçš„çƒå¤„ç†å·¥è‰ºï¼Œä¼šå¾—到组织结构和物ç†æ€§èƒ½å„异的产å“，导致在直读光谱仪上测试时得到ä¸åŒçš„æµ‹è¯•ç»“æžœã€‚æ‰€ä»¥åœ¨ç”¨ç›´è¯»å…‰è°±ä»ªæµ‹æ ·æ—¶ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬å»ºè®®ç”¨æˆ·ä½¿ç”¨å¯¹åº”çš„æ ‡æ ·è¿›è¡Œç±»åž‹æ ¡å‡†ã€‚<br />
通过å¦ä¹ çƒå¤„ç†ä¸æœ€ä¸ºå…¸åž‹çš„“四把ç«â€å·¥è‰ºï¼Œæˆ‘们å¯ä»¥å¤§è‡´äº†è§£æ ·å“ä¸çš„组织结构和物ç†æ€§èƒ½å·®å¼‚。</p>
<p>çƒå¤„ç†å·¥è‰ºè¿‡ç¨‹:<br />
<strong>一ã€é€€ç«</strong><br />
å°†é’¢åŠ çƒåˆ°ä¸€å®šæ¸©åº¦å¹¶ä¿æ¸©ä¸€æ®µæ—¶é—´ï¼Œç„¶åŽä½¿å®ƒéšç‚‰ç¼“慢冷å´çš„çƒå¤„ç†æ–¹æ³•ï¼Œç§°ä¸ºé€€ç«ã€‚退ç«å¾—到的组织通常是ç 光体和é“ç´ ä½“ã€‚é€€ç«çš„目的，是为了消除组织缺陷，改善组织使æˆåˆ†å‡åŒ€åŒ–，细化晶粒，æ高钢的力å¦æ€§èƒ½ï¼Œå‡å°‘残余应力。åŒæ—¶ï¼Œé€€ç«å¯é™ä½Žç¡¬åº¦ï¼Œæé«˜å¡‘æ€§å’ŒéŸ§æ€§ï¼Œæ”¹å–„åˆ‡å‰ŠåŠ å·¥æ€§èƒ½ã€‚</p>
<p>退ç«å¯ä»¥æ¶ˆé™¤å’Œæ”¹å–„å‰é“å·¥åºé—留的组织缺陷和内应力，大多属于åŠæˆå“çƒå¤„ç†ï¼Œæˆ–称作预备çƒå¤„ç†ã€‚退ç«ä¸æ˜¯åˆ©ç”¨é€€ç«å·¥è‰ºç”Ÿäº§å…¸åž‹é‡‘属制å“，如下图。退ç«ä¸æ˜¯ç”¨ä½Žç¢³é’¢å†·æ‹”ã€åŠ çƒã€æ’温ã€ä¿æ¸©ç‰å·¥è‰ºè€Œæˆçš„一ç§è½¯è´¨é“ä¸äº§å“。é“ä¸æŒ‰ç”¨é€”ä¸åŒï¼Œæˆåˆ†ä¹Ÿä¸ä¸€æ ·ã€‚将炽çƒçš„金属å¯è½§æˆ6.5mmç²—çš„é’¢æ¡ä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯ç›˜æ¡ï¼Œå†å°†å…¶æ”¾å…¥æ‹‰ä¸è£…置内拉æˆä¸åŒç›´å¾„的线，并é€æ¥ç¼©å°æ‹‰ä¸ç›˜çš„å”径，进行冷å´ã€é€€ç«ã€æ¶‚é•€ç‰åŠ 工工艺制æˆå„ç§ä¸åŒè§„æ ¼çš„é“ä¸ã€‚</p>
<p><strong>二ã€æ£ç«</strong><br />
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<p>æ£ç«ä¸Žé€€ç«çš„ä¸åŒç‚¹æ˜¯æ£ç«å†·å´é€Ÿåº¦æ¯”退ç«å†·å´é€Ÿåº¦æ›´å¿«ï¼Œå› 而æ£ç«ç»„织è¦æ¯”退ç«ç»„织更细å°ä¸€äº›ï¼Œå…¶åŠ›å¦æ€§èƒ½ä¹Ÿæœ‰æ‰€æ高。</p>
<p>æ£ç«ä¸»è¦åº”用于：<br />
①低碳钢。æ£ç«åŽç¡¬åº¦ç•¥é«˜äºŽé€€ç«ï¼ŒéŸ§æ€§ä¹Ÿè¾ƒå¥½ï¼Œå¯ä½œä¸ºåˆ‡å‰ŠåŠ 工的预处ç†;<br />
â‘¡ä¸ç¢³é’¢ã€‚å¯ä»£æ›¿è°ƒè´¨å¤„ç†ä½œä¸ºæœ€åŽçƒå¤„ç†;<br />
③工具钢ã€è½´æ‰¿é’¢ã€æ¸—碳钢ç‰ã€‚å¯ä»¥æ¶ˆé™æˆ–抑制网状碳化物的形æˆï¼Œä»Žè€Œå¾—到çƒåŒ–退ç«æ‰€éœ€çš„良好组织;<br />
④铸钢件。å¯ä»¥ç»†åŒ–铸æ€ç»„ç»‡ï¼Œæ”¹å–„åˆ‡å‰ŠåŠ å·¥æ€§èƒ½;<br />
⑤大型锻件。å¯ä½œä¸ºæœ€åŽçƒå¤„ç†ï¼Œä»Žè€Œé¿å…æ·¬ç«æ—¶è¾ƒå¤§çš„开裂倾å‘;<br />
â‘¥çƒå¢¨é“¸é“。使硬度ã€å¼ºåº¦ã€è€ç£¨æ€§å¾—到æé«˜ï¼Œå¦‚ç”¨äºŽåˆ¶é€ æ±½è½¦ã€æ‹–拉机ã€æŸ´æ²¹æœºçš„曲轴ã€è¿žæ†ç‰é‡è¦é›¶ä»¶ã€‚</p>
<p>æ·¬ç«æ˜¯å°†é’¢åŠ çƒåˆ°æŸæ¸©åº¦ä»¥ä¸Šï¼Œä¿æ¸©ä¸€æ®µæ—¶é—´ï¼Œç„¶åŽå¾ˆå¿«æ”¾å…¥æ·¬ç«å†·å´ä»‹è´¨ä¸ï¼Œä½¿å…¶æ¸©åº¦éª¤ç„¶é™ä½Žï¼Œä»¥å¤§äºŽä¸´ç•Œå†·å´é€Ÿåº¦çš„é™æ¸©æ¡ä»¶æ€¥é€Ÿå†·å´ï¼Œè€ŒèŽ·å¾—以马æ°ä½“或下è´æ°ä½“为主的ä¸å¹³è¡¡ç»„织的çƒå¤„ç†æ–¹æ³•ã€‚æ·¬ç«èƒ½æ高钢的强度和硬度，但è¦é™ä½Žå…¶å¡‘性。常用的淬ç«å†·å´ä»‹è´¨æœ‰æ°´ã€æ²¹ã€ç¢±æ°´å’Œç›ç±»æº¶æ¶²ç‰ã€‚æ·¬ç«å¯ä»¥æ高金属工件的硬度åŠè€ç£¨æ€§ï¼Œå› 而广泛用于å„ç§å·¥å…·ã€æ¨¡å…·ã€é‡å…·åŠè¦æ±‚表é¢è€ç£¨çš„零件，如齿轮ã€è½§è¾Šã€æ¸—碳零件ç‰ã€‚<br />
å¦å¤–，淬ç«è¿˜å¯ä½¿ä¸€äº›ç‰¹æ®Šæ€§èƒ½çš„钢获得一定的物ç†åŒ–å¦æ€§èƒ½ï¼Œå¦‚æ·¬ç«ä½¿æ°¸ç£é’¢å¢žå¼ºå…¶é“ç£æ€§ã€ä¸é”ˆé’¢æ高其è€èš€æ€§ç‰ã€‚表é¢æ·¬ç«å¸¸ç”¨çš„方法有感应淬ç«å’Œç«ç„°æ·¬ç«ã€‚</p>
<p><strong>å››ã€å›žç«</strong><br />
将已ç»æ·¬ç«çš„é’¢é‡æ–°åŠ çƒåˆ°ä¸€å®šæ¸©åº¦ï¼Œå†ç”¨ä¸€å®šæ–¹æ³•å†·å´çš„çƒå¤„ç†æ–¹æ³•ç§°ä¸ºå›žç«ã€‚其目的是消除淬ç«äº§ç”Ÿçš„内应力，é™ä½Žç¡¬åº¦å’Œè„†æ€§ï¼Œä»¥å–得预期的力å¦æ€§èƒ½ã€‚æ ¹æ®å›žç«æ¸©åº¦çš„ä¸åŒï¼Œå¯å°†å›žç«åˆ†ä¸ºä½Žæ¸©å›žç«ã€ä¸æ¸©å›žç«å’Œé«˜æ¸©å›žç«ã€‚</p>
<p><strong>(1)低温回ç«(150-250℃)</strong><br />
低温回ç«æ‰€å¾—组织为回ç«é©¬æ°ä½“，其目的是在ä¿æŒæ·¬ç«é’¢çš„高硬度和高è€ç£¨æ€§çš„å‰æ下，é™ä½Žå…¶æ·¬ç«å†…应力和脆性，以å…使用时崩裂或过早æŸå。它主è¦ç”¨äºŽå„ç§é«˜ç¢³çš„切削刃具ã€é‡å…·ã€å†²æ¨¡ã€æ»šåŠ¨è½´æ‰¿ä»¥åŠæ¸—碳件ç‰ï¼Œå›žç«åŽç¡¬åº¦ä¸€èˆ¬ä¸º60HRCå·¦å³ã€‚</p>
<p><strong>(2)ä¸æ¸©å›žç«(350-500℃)</strong><br />
ä¸æ¸©å›žç«çš„目的是获得高的屈æœå¼ºåº¦ã€å¼¹æ€§æžé™å’Œè¾ƒé«˜çš„éŸ§æ€§ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œå®ƒä¸»è¦ç”¨äºŽå„ç§å¼¹ç°§å’Œçƒä½œæ¨¡å…·çš„处ç†ï¼Œå›žç«åŽç¡¬åº¦ä¸€èˆ¬ä¸º45HRCå·¦å³ã€‚</p>
<p><strong>(3)高温回ç«(500-650℃)</strong><br />
ä¹ æƒ¯ä¸Šå°†æ·¬ç«åŠ 高温回ç«ç›¸ç»“åˆçš„çƒå¤„ç†ç§°ä¸ºè°ƒè´¨å¤„ç†ï¼Œå…¶ç›®çš„是获得强度ã€ç¡¬åº¦ã€å¡‘性和韧性都较好的综åˆåŠ›å¦æ€§èƒ½ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œå¹¿æ³›ç”¨äºŽæ±½è½¦ã€æ‹–拉机ã€æœºåºŠç‰çš„é‡è¦ç»“构零件，如连æ†ã€èžºæ “ã€é½¿è½®åŠè½´ç±»ç‰ã€‚回ç«åŽç¡¬åº¦ä¸€èˆ¬ä¸º260HBWå·¦å³ã€‚</p>
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